Health Dietary Patterns

Question: Discuss about theHealthfor Dietary Patterns. Answer: Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity Prevention Dietary Patterns Wang et al. (2015) highlighted that an energy-restricted balanced diet, together with education and behavioural modification could limit the gain in weight in children who have risks of developing mild or moderate obesity. Reduction in fat-containing diet is the key to heathy living. Saturated fat is to be avoided in meals, and this can be achieved by avoiding foods like fast foods, chips, fries and chips. A reduced-fat diet is useful for secondary and primary prevention of weight gain. Karnik and Kanekar (2015) in this regard states that a protein-sparing modified diet can help in achieving rapid loss of weight. Studies have been conducted that indicate reductions in the prevalence of overweight. However, the studies combine the dietary guidelines with behaviour modifications; thus assessment of the diet itself is difficult. Physical Exercise Laurson et al., (2014) undertook a study to review the effect of school-based interventions on physical activity behaviour and knowledge. It was found that significant improvements took place through this intervention. Parents and physicians must encourage children to take part in vigorous physical activities through young adulthood and adolescence and restrict the time spent by children in front of the television and for playing computer and video games. Regular walking for around 20-30 minutes in a day can facilitate control of weight to a considerable extent. Khalife et al., (2014) opine that exercises bring reduction in weight accretion through an increase in expenditure of energy and the impact is favourable for cardiovascular status. Body fat, as well as cholesterol levels, are decreased, and lean body mass is increased, thereby improving the psychological well-being. Lifestyle exercise programs, together with dietary restrictions, leads to weight control in the long run in chi ldren and adolescents. Treatment Pharmacological Intervention Studies have indicated the success of the drug Metformin on glucose tolerance, serum lipids, serum leptin and BMI. At the end of the study, a statistically significant difference was found between the BMI scores for the group with intervention and the placebo group (Bryant et al., 2014). Guidelines for childhood obesity management recommends two drugs to be used for the management of obesity in adults, sibutramine and orlistat. However, no guidelines are present regarding the use of these two drugs for children. Research is going on to determine the effectiveness of these two drugs in obese children (Xu Xue, 2016). Behaviour Modification with the Help of Schools, Parents and Social Media School-based interventions are useful in treating obesity in children as indicated by multiple studies considering cohorts from different backgrounds. Changes in lifestyle can be brought if school authorities and parents provide encouragement and support to the children already suffering from obesity. Schools should take up the responsibility of providing healthy diet plan to the students in need. Training can be provided to students by appointing health educators (Showell et al., 2013). Social media is a good mode of reaching out to the students as they can easily relate to the messages communicated through social media. The attitudes and beliefs of the children can easily be changed if this mode for change can be properly utilised (Waters et al., 2014). References Bryant, M., Ashton, L., Brown, J., Jebb, S., Wright, J., Roberts, K., Nixon, J. (2014). Systematic review to identify and appraise outcome measures used to evaluate childhood obesity treatment interventions (CoOR): evidence of purpose, application, validity, reliability and sensitivity.Health Technology Assessment,18(51). Karnik, S., Kanekar, A. (2015). Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis.Int J Prev Med, 2012. 3 (1), 1-7. Khalife, N., Kantomaa, M., Glover, V., Tammelin, T., Laitinen, J., Ebeling, H., ... Rodriguez, A. (2014). Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are risk factors for obesity and physical inactivity in adolescence.Journal of the American academy of child adolescent psychiatry,53(4), 425-436. Laurson, K. R., Lee, J. A., Gentile, D. A., Walsh, D. A., Eisenmann, J. C. (2014). Concurrent associations between physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration with childhood obesity.ISRN obesity,2014. Showell, N. N., Fawole, O., Segal, J., Wilson, R. F., Cheskin, L. J., Bleich, S. N., ... Wang, Y. (2013). A systematic review of home-based childhood obesity prevention studies.Pediatrics,132(1), e193-e200. Wang, Y., Cai, L., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. F., Weston, C., Fawole, O., ... Chiu, D. T. (2015). What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and meta?analysis.Obesity Reviews,16(7), 547-565. Waters, E., Silva-Sanigorski, A. D., Burford, B. J., Brown, T., Campbell, K. J., Gao, Y., ... Summerbell, C. D. (2014). Interventions for preventing obesity in children.Sao Paulo Medical Journal,132(2), 128-129. Xu, S., Xue, Y. (2016). Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine,11(1), 15-20.